Second most common symptom in patients with mitral stenosis is which of the following?

Second most common symptom in patients with mitral stenosis is which of the following?

• A. Hemoptysis
• B. Dyspnea on exertion
• C. Chest pain
• D. Syncope

Answer: (A)

Mitral stenosis raises left atrial pressure and backs up into the lungs, causing pulmonary congestion that most commonly presents as dyspnea on exertion. As the condition progresses and pulmonary hypertension develops, dilated bronchial veins can rupture, leading to hemoptysis. This makes coughing up blood the next most frequent symptom after dyspnea on exertion. Chest pain is not typical of mitral stenosis, and syncope occurs less often, usually reflecting more advanced disease or low cardiac output.

Mitral stenosis raises left atrial pressure and backs up into the lungs, causing pulmonary congestion that most commonly presents as dyspnea on exertion. As the condition progresses and pulmonary hypertension develops, dilated bronchial veins can rupture, leading to hemoptysis. This makes coughing up blood the next most frequent symptom after dyspnea on exertion. Chest pain is not typical of mitral stenosis, and syncope occurs less often, usually reflecting more advanced disease or low cardiac output.